C++ XI

C++ for Class XI Syllabus

Objectives

Object Oriented Technology is regarded as the ultimate paradigm for the modeling of information, be that information data or logic. The C+ + has by now shown to fulfill this goal.

Introduction To C++

C+ + character set, C+ + Tokens (Identifiers, Keywords, Constants, Operators) Structure of a C+ + Program (include files, declaration of an object , main function) Header files iostream.h, iomanip.h cout, cin. Use of I /O operators (<< and >>), Use of setw( ) and endl, Cascading of I /O operators, Error Message Use of editor, basic commands of editor, compilation, linking and execution.

Data Types, Variables and Constants

Concept of Data types Built – in Data types void, char, int, float and double Constants Integer Constants, Character Constants (Backslash character constants: \n \a, \r, \t), Floating point Constants, St ring Constants Variables of built – in data types, Access Modifier const type modifiers signed, unsigned, short, long.

Operators and Expressions

Operators: Arithmetic operators ( – , + , / , % ) , Urinary operator ( – ), Increment and Decrement Operators ( – – , + + ) , Relational Operators.(> ,> = , < ,< = ,= != ), Logical operators (&&,I I , ! ), conditional operator ?: ( condition ? if statements: else-statements) , Precedence of Operators Expressions Automatic Type conversion in expressions, C+ + shorthands (+ = , -= , = , / = , %= ) Assignment statement : Variable initializations Type Compatibility, Type casting.

Flow of Control

Conditional Statements: if-else statement if-else- if- ladder, nested if,? As alternative to if, switch-case, Nested switch, default statement, break statement Simple Control statement, Comma Operator, exit 0 function Loops while statement, do-while statement, for statement, nested control structures.

Programming Methodology

General Concepts Modular approach Stylistic Guidelines Clarity and Simplicity of Expressions, Names, Comments, Indentation Documentation and Program Maintenance Running and Debugging programs, Syntax Errors, Run-Time Errors, Logic Errors.

Input Output Functions

Header file: sdtio.h – getc( ), putc( ), gets( ) and puts( ) functions.

Built-in Function

Header files: string.h, ctype.h, math.h, stdIib.h. Standard functions – character and st ring related functions: isalnumO, isalpha( ), isdigit ( ), islower( ), isupper( ), tolower, toupper( ), st rcpy( ), st rcat ( ), st rien( ), st rcmp( ) st rcmpi( ), atoi( ), itoa( ), ato1( ), 1toa( ) Mathemat ical funct ions: abs( ), sqrt ( ), exp( ), log( ), log10( ), frexp( ), sin( ), cos( ).

Functions

Defining a function Function Prototype, Invoking a function Passing arguments to function, specifying argument data types, default arguments, constant arguments, call by value, call by reference, returning values from a function, calling functions with arrays scope rules of functions and variables.

Structured Data Type: Array

Use of arrays one and two dimensional arrays – declaration, initialisation, reading, display, manipulation. such as liner search, finding maximum/minimum value, matrix arithmetic String: St ring manipulations such as reversing a string, reversing each word of a string, counting vowels, consonants, special characters from string.

Solved Examples

Unsolved Questions for Practice

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